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Is it possible to train artificial neural networks directly on an optical chip?


The significant breakthrough demonstrates that an optical circuit will perform a critical function of an electronics-based artificial neural network and will result in more cost-effective, quicker and additional energy-efficient ways to perform advanced tasks like speech or image recognition. using an optical chip to perform neural network computations additional efficiently than is possible with digital computers could permit additional advanced issues to be resolved.
An artificial neural network is a variety of artificial intelligence that uses connected units to process data in a manner like the way the brain processes information.            

A light-based network

A neural network process is often performed employing a traditional computer, there are significant efforts to design hardware optimized specifically for neural network computing. Optics-based devices are of great interest because they can perform computations in parallel while using less energy than electronic devices. The researchers overcame a significant challenge to implementing an all-optical neural network by designing an optical chip that replicates the approach that conventional computers train neural networks. An artificial neural network will be thought of as a recorder with a variety of knobs. Throughout the training step, these knobs are each turned a bit and then the system is tested to see if the performance of the algorithms improved.

On-chip coaching

The new training protocol operates on optical circuits with tuneable beam splitters that are adjusted by changing the settings of optical phase shifters. Laser beams encoding information to be processed are fired into the optical circuit and carried by optical waveguides through the beam splitters, which are adjusted like knobs to train the neural network algorithms. The laser is first fed through the optical circuit. Upon exiting the device, the difference from the expected outcome is calculated. This data is then used to generate a new light-weight signal, which is distributed back through the optical network within the wrong way. By activity the optical intensity around every beam splitter during this method, the researchers showed the way to discover, in parallel, how the neural network performance can modification with respect to every beam splitter’s setting. The part shifter settings will be modified based on this data, and therefore the method is also continual till the neural network produces the specified outcome. The researchers tested their training technique with optical simulations by teaching an algorithm to perform sophisticated functions, like choosing out advanced features within a set of points. They found that the optical implementation performed equally to a standard laptop. 

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